Earth Science Questions

High latitude locations, low relief, basal temperatures below PMP so frozen to the bedrock, very slow movement, only a few metres per year.

They are the largest accumulations of ice and extend for more than 50,000km2.

Typically between 10-30km, although can be 60km in some instances such as the Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan

It provides the main input of snow, sleet and rain making it a key factor in determining glacial mass balance

It influences basal temperature and PMP, which can increase or decrease melt water and make it more or less likely to move

Due to relatively high temperatures (mostly above 0 degrees) and high levels of precipitation, the areas receive lots of movement within their glaciers

Glaciers form when temperatures are low enough for snow that falls in one year to remain frozen throughout the year.

Until its about 100m in depth and has a blue colour rather than a white one.

Kinetic energy, thermal energy, material that has been deposited, material from weathering and mass movement

Clay has weak lithology due to weak bonds between the particles making it up

It means there has been net loss and the glacier will retreat, the equilibrium line will also move up the valley

High latitude areas rarely receive temperatures over 0 degrees, so ice sheets in these regions are very thick despite receiving less precipitation.

If a glacier is retreating, ice can fall forwards under gravity making it look like the glacier is actually advancing

The pastouri glacier is found near the equator in peru, due to it's high altitude. It is only found 10 degrees north of the equator. It covers 8km2 of land and is only 4km long, and has undergone significant melting in the last few years.

Ice, water and debris accumulations (which are all stores) and movement of ice, water and debris (which are all transfers)

It describes the physical and chemical composition of rocks

They occur at the bottom of a glacier so this is known as the ablation zone

They occur at the top of a glacier so this is known as the accumulation zone

High altitude areas are likely to receive temperatures above 0 degrees, so more melting an output occur.

They contribute to the shaping of glaciated landscapes, acting upon fine material previously deposited by ice or melt water