Earth Science Questions

Basalt and other strong rocks are likely to form prominent glacial landforms

It can have a significant impact on the melting of snow and ice and the behavior of glacier systems

It means there has been a net gain and the glacier will advance. The equilibrium line will also move down the valley

There is an upper zone where ice is brittle and breaks and a lower zone where the ice deforms under pressure?

When the ice is carried by saturated bed sediments moving beneath it on gentle gradients. The water is under high pressure, and the movement is similar to ice being carried on roller skates

This is because the ice on the sides and floor may have been frozen to the valley, and also rocks in the way which created frictional resistance and slowed movement

When individual ice crystals re-orientate and move in relation to each other

When the basal temperature is at or above PMP, a thin film of melt water exists between the glacier and the valley floor so friction is reduced

Porous rocks such as chalk have tiny air spaces which can absorb and store water

Fresh snow (about 0.05g/cm3 density) falls on top of old previous frozen snow and begins to compact, changing from snow to ice

In areas 66.5 degrees north and south the climate is overall cold an dry with little seasonal variation. The higher the latitude, the clearer this is to see. Glaciated landscapes at this latitude develop under the influence of large and stable ice sheets, in places such as Greenland and Antarctica.

13.6 millionkm2, and has a volume of 30 millionkm3, at its thickest point it is over 4700m deep

The steeper the gradient the faster the ice moves (if no other factors slow it down)

They are confined by valley sides, they may be outlet glaciers from ice sheets or fed snow and ice by more than one corrie glacier

When there is movement of individual layers within the glacier, often layers of annual accumulation

Where the ice slides over the valley floor as the meltwater has reduced friction between the glacier's base and the valley floor.

When ice deforms under pressure due to obstructions on the valley floor. This enables it to spread around and over the obstruction, like a plastic, before re-freezing again when pressure is reduced

High altitude locations, steep relief, basal temperatures at or above PMP and rapid rates of movement (20-200m per year)

It provides the main input of snow, sleet and rain making it a key factor in determining glacial mass balance

Due to relatively high temperatures (mostly above 0 degrees) and high levels of precipitation, the areas receive lots of movement within their glaciers