Which of the following best reflects the evidence on the association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?Question 102Select one or more:a.Smoking increases the risk of developing both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.b.Smoking is not associated with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.c.There is no association between smoking and ulcerative colitisd.Smokers are at increased risk of developing ulcerative colitis.e.Smokers are at reduced risk of developing ulcerative colitis.

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