"What they [the Franks] learned from the Arabs wasindispensible in their subsequent expansion. The heritage of Greek civilization was transmitted through Arab intermediaries. In medicine, astronomy, chemistry, geography, mathematics, and architecture, the [Franks] drew their knowledge from Arabic books, which they assimilated, imitated, and then surpassed. . . . In the realm of industry, the Europeans first learned and then improved upon the processes used by the Arabs in papermaking, leather-working, textiles, and the distillation of alcohol and sugar."Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, 1984The passage above best illustrates which of the following?A. The reason European industrial expertise far surpassed that of the Arab worldB. The debt the Arab world owed Europe for preserving Arab scientific knowledge and cultural historyC. The effects of interregional contact on the development of European culture and technologyD. Muslims' examination of their own cultural and economic decline after the Crusades

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