"What harm have we suffered? The only harm I know of that the United States has suffered from foreign immigration has come not because we have failed to close our doors in the face of all foreign nations, but because we have not been discriminating enough and careful enough as to whom we admitted."But because we have not been brave enough is no reason why we should now shut the door entirely, for that is what the bill in effect is intended to do. Admission ought to be a matter of selection and the selection ought to be made on the other side of the water and not here at our ports. If we have failed to take proper precautions in the past we ought to take them now and not resort to this method of practically total exclusion."-Source: Senator James A. Reed, Congressional Record, May 3, 1921The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments?

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