What do Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk universities, and Hampton Institute have in common?A They were all universities that were established in response to the forced integration of Southern colleges implemented by the Reconstruction Act of 1867.b. They were all predominantly black institutions that were established in the years immediately following the Civil War.C Established during the years of the Confederacy, they all closed their doors temporarily in the 1870s ratherthan admit blacks.d. They were the locations of the first four chapters of the Ku Klux Klan.

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