What: A peace treaty signed between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire) in 1918, which ended Russia's participation in World War I. Why significant: The treaty was significant because it resulted in Russia's loss of significant territories and resources to the Central Powers, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states. It was a major blow to the Soviet government's prestige and legitimacy, and it fueled opposition to the Bolsheviks and the new Soviet government. Decade/era: 1918

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