"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color."We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad...."We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who, by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possession of the vast continent of our forefathers."Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt?

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