Two reasons we are stuck with "crisis governing": 1. the procedures set up to enable congressional control - appropriations process, debt ceiling - require regular ___________ action and polarization makes congressional action difficult. 2. crises threaten moving status quo / "reversion points" in ____________ ways. The cost of inaction is raised by making anticipated status quos extreme making it easier to pass legislation but also invites members to try and achieve otherwise gridlocked policy change via threatening crises.

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