This term refers to the policy adopted by Joseph Stalin in the late 1920s and early 1930s, which aimed to transform Soviet agriculture by forcing peasants to give up their individual farms and join collective farms owned and operated by the state. The policy was significant because it represented a fundamental transformation of the Soviet economy and society and resulted in widespread famine and the deaths of millions of people. Collectivization also helped to consolidate Stalin's power by eliminating potential opposition from the countryside. This term was significant in the 1930s.

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