The ____________________ had a few causes. There was "the little ice age" which caused smaller food production resulting in population decreasing, the Great Famine, and the dirty and overcrowded medieval towns. However, people thought it was actually caused by many things: influence of heavenly bodies, God's wrath and will, Muslims, infection in the air and water, and association and contagion. The actual disease was the __________________________________. It spread by contact with sick or things the sick were in contact with. It spread by fleas that were carried by rats. It spread on trading routes especially. It started in central Asia, then the Black Sea region with Italian traders, then in ____________________ it entered Europe through Sicily, and it just spread northward.

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