the belief that people's greatest loyalty should be to the people as a whole who share a common culture and history; greatest loyalty is not to a king/empire; widely spread in the 1800s; 3 types: unification, separation, state-building; fired the romantic imagination (romanticism)significance: important movement that blurred the political theories (conservative, liberal, radical); caused nations to want their own independent countries; upset balance of power set up at Congress of Vienna; helped break up 370-year old empire of czars in Russia

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