The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is also controlled by phosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDH kinase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of a specific Ser residue on the E1 subunit of the enzyme, rendering it inactive. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDH phosphatase) reverses the inhibition by catalyzing the removal of this phosphate group. The PDH kinase is highly regulated and its activity is influenced by various cellular metabolites. Indicate whether the following would activate or inhibit PDH kinase: a. NAD+; b. NADH; c. coenzyme A; d. acetyl-CoA; e. ADP

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