- Started when Bush demanded Afghanistan, ruled by a group of Islamic fundamentalists called the Taliban, surrender Osama Bin Laden who had established a base in their country - refused. - In 2001 the US launched air strikes against its strongholds. - Bush gave it the name "Enduring Freedom." - By the end of 2001, American bombing and ground combat by the Northern Alliance combined had driven the Taliban from power. - A new government was then instituted in Afghanistan that was friendly to and reliant on the US - The new government however found it difficult to established full control over the country forcing US troops to remain in Afghanistan until 2021 - the longest war in American history.- Most of the world originally supported this as a legitimate response to the terrorist attacks - soon many people feared that the US was claiming the right to act as a world police power (violating international law).

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