revolution-a revolution is an event or course of events that results in complete change-revolutions can:-establish or modify political systems-transform economic and social structures -be sudden and violent-be slow and peacefulrevoultion in russia-in the early 1900s russia faced political and social unrest bc of-wars-famines-class struggles-this unrest led to the Russian revolution life in russia-by the early 1900s russia had fallen behind the rest of the industrialized world-russia had:-an agricultural economy based on subsistence farming-no modern transportation system-a large peasant class and a small wealthy classRussias tsar-russias tsar Nicholas II led an autocratic monarchy-there was no representative parliament-he used a secret police force to enforce his rule-he was a weak ruler who was out of touch with his people unrest in st petersburg-in 1905 workers marched in st petersburg demanding reforms-they wanted -more personal freedoms -better working conditons-an elected legislature-soldiers fired on the crowd killing ant 1000 people 1905 revolution-millions of workers went on strike-the tsar promised reforms -he created and elected legislature the duma-reforms were short lived-he used the army to put down the rebellion effects of ww 1-conditons in russia worsened during the war -peasents were forced into the army leaving farms unattended -food became scare and people died of starvation-millions of soldiers were killed or wounded-the tsar took personal command of the army Rasputin's influence-the tsar placed his wife Tsarnina Alexandra in charge of the government-she didn't turn to the duma or the nobility for advice-her closest advisor was the faith healer and mystic rasputin-the tsar's popularity continued to fallthe February revolution-by February 1917 unrest was growing in Russia's cities-protests-people protested food and coal shortages-riots -the protests turned violent-untrained soldiers joined. the riots instead of stopping them-a new government -the tsar was forced to step down-a provisional govt took over vladimir llich lenin-opposed the tsar and was exiled for his opposition to the govt-supported the idealogy of marxism-spoke out against class inequality -returned to russia after the February revolution -led the bolsheviks the provisional govt-the leaders of the provisional govt were unable to win the support of the people-they didn't institute land reform angering the peasents-they decided to continue the fight against germany-support for the bolsheviks grewthe October revolution-in October the bolsheviks led by lenin launched a coup d etat against the govt-they controlled the St. Petersburg soviet-they used loyal troops to seize important govt buldings-they faced little opposition from the provisional govt lenin in power -lenin took swift action after seizing power-he set up a dictatorship-he set up a secret police force that was loyal to the bolsehviks-he issued a decree giving the govt the right to seize privately owned land and church property -he began to negotiate Russia's withdraw from the warrussia's exit from ww 1-in 1918 the bolsheviks signed the treaty of Brest litovsk -russia gave up valuable territory including coal and iron mines-60 million people were no longer part of russia-unhappy Russians revolted against the bolsheviks the Russian civil war-the conflict between bolsheviks and their opponents resulted in a civil war-wealthy landowners religious leaders and royalists opposed the bolsheviks-the US and Western European nations provided aid to the white army the execution of the tsar-after war broke out the bolsheviks arrested tsar Nicholas II and his family-the bolsheviks-moved the family to siberia-executed the family in 1918 and buried their bodies in a secret location effects of the civil war-the civil war ended with a bolshevik victory-industry and farmland was destroyed-over 14 million people had been killed from the fighting and famine1914-1918- ww 11917- the Russian revolution 1922- establishment of the USSR