Republican advertisements about Representative Charlie Williams, the Democratic candidate, portray him as lazy, dishonest, and poor at his job. At the same time, the Democratic ads for Charlie Williams describe him as a caring, honest, hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. The tendency of voters to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is an example ofa. framing bias.b. stirring the waters.c. goal displacement.d. overconfidence bias.

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