One of the major features of late 19th century modernization in Europe was industrialization, which involved large scale use of machinery for factory production. Not only did this lead to an economic transformation, but it also led to urbanization in that people moved away from agrarian occupations to come work in the city. Imperialism was another aspect to modernization in Europe at this time, as access to wealth and markets was a major indicator of power. This resulted in African and Asian colonization and French and UK power. Finally the social changes that came from the industrialization/urbanization led to a middle class that was more assertive and open to change.

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