Noise Exposure and Public HealthExposure to noise constitutes a health risk. There is sufficient scientific evidence that noise exposure can induce hearing impairment, hypertension and heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance, and decreased school performance. For other effects such as changes in the immune system and birth defects, the evidence is limited. Most public health impacts of noise were already identified in the 1960s, and noise abatement is less of a scientific but primarily a policy problem. A subject for further research is the [clarification] of the mechanisms underlying noise-induced cardiovascular disorders and the relationship of noise with annoyance and nonacoustical factors modifying health outcomes. A high-priority study subject is the effect of noise on children, including cognitive effects and their reversibility. Noise exposure is on the increase, especially in the general living environment, both in industrialized nations and in developing world regions. This implies that in the twenty-first century noise exposure will still be a major public health problem.Which of the following best describes why the authors claim that noise exposure will be a major health problem in the twenty-first century?AThere is sufficient evidence to support that noise exposure negatively impacts the immune system.BFurther research is needed concerning the mechanisms underlying noise-induced cardiovascular disorders.CThere is insufficient evidence to support that noise exposure induces sleep disturbance in humans.DNoise exposure is on the increase in both industrialized nations and in developing regions.

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