Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system and play a key role in initiating and maintaining neuroinflammatory responses. They act as the first line of defence against pathogens, injury, and other disturbances, and release molecules such as chemokines and cytokines to initiate an immune response. These cytokines induce neuroinflammation and can disrupt normal neurotransmitter balance, including dopamine and serotonin, which are critical for mood regulation.

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