Individuals who had access to the Bible advanced alternative interpretive methodologies that conflicted with the church's standard approach. A Protestant hermeneutic was developing that laid greater stress upon the grammar and original languages of the Bible as well as its historical and literary contexts. Reformation Europe produced new political readings of Biblical passages that resulted in radical constitutional ideas. As a result, new political theologies were developing, multifaceted in nature, that challenged old perspectives on civil and ecclesiastical government as well as the authority of magistrates and rulers. These emerging continental ideas were quickly making their way into England in the 1570s as part of the Puritan movement,6 and eventually arrived onto America's shores with the Plymouth Pilgrim Separatists and the New England Puritans

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