●In 1517 Martin Luther in central Germany preached a doctrine of "justification by faith"●Preached that the bible was the source of authority not the church●Taught that indulgences were wrong (paying to receive a free pass to heaven)●John Calvin expanded on Martin Luther's beliefs and created a following in Switzerland that soon spread●restructured Europe and caused the Pope to lose power●after Europe became divided by between Catholic and Protestant●Was made possible by the invention of the printing press●allowed Kings the ability to break with Catholic Church

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