FRE 701: If a witness is not testifying as an expert, testimony in the form of an opinion is limited to one that is: (a) rationally based on the witness's perception;---Aka witness must have first hand knowledge (b) helpful to clearly understanding the witness's testimony or to determining a fact in issue; and (c) not based on scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge within the scope of Rule 702---Typical evidence: appearance of persons/things, ID, manner of conduct (quick/slow), competency, sound, light, everyday life thingsFRE 704(a): An opinion is not objectionable just because it embraces an ultimate issue704(b) Exception: In a criminal case, an expert witness must not state an opinion about whether the defendant did or did not have a mental state or condition that constitutes an element of the crime charged or of a defense. Those matters are for the trier of fact alone

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