- Discoveries in this time period led to intensive transoceanic traveland changes in trade patterns.- Bartholomeu Dias, a Portuguese explorer, rounded the Cape ofGood Hope on the southern tip of Africa in 1488, stopping at theIndian Ocean.- Vasco da Gama, from Portugal, rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1497and continued his voyage up the eastern coast of Africa, eventually making his way to India; this sea route gave Europeans access to the Asian spice market without having to cross the traditional land routes controlled by Muslims.- Portuguese exploration led to increased interaction with West Africa and the beginning of trading posts along coastlines.- Christopher Columbus, whose voyages were sponsored by Spain, searching for a western water route to the Asian markets, landed in the Caribbean and thus "discovered" the New World.- In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, also sailing for Spain, became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean.

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