-Cruel and Unusual Punishment: prevented states from issuing the death penalty to defendants who are minors or defendants who are legally judged to be mentally incompetent -Right to Bear Arms: Supreme Court has recently ruled in support of the Second Amendment protection of an individual's right to own guns, striking down gun control legislation in D.C. v. Heller (2008) and McDonald v. Chicago (2010)-Unreasonable Search and Seizure: NSA increased efforts to prevent terrorist attacks; The NSA's defenders argue that the agency was doing what was necessary to protect public safety, and that the likely delays associated with getting a court warrant each time the government wants to monitor digital metadata could impede its ability to prevent future terrorist attacks

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