anti semitisim-anti-semitism is hostility toward or discrimination against jews as a religious or ethnic group-throughout history jewish people have at times been:-potrayed as theives and criminals-forced to live in segregated communities -prohibited owning land or practicing occupations-deported, abused or murdered bc of ethnicity forms of anti-semitism-anti-semitism take multiple forms-cultural-accusing jews of infiltrating and corrupting country's culture-economic- accusing jews of harming other groups economically-political- accusing jews of trying to rule world and dominate politics anti semitism in nazi germany-in the 1930s germany adopted official anti semitics polices-nation socialist German workers nazi party came to power-party blamed many of germanys troubles on jews and other groups mein kämpf and anti semitism-adolf hitler created framework for germanys anti-semitic polices w his book mean kampf-the book: encouraged German nationalism -made anti-semitism an important part of nazi party's beliefs racial categories-nazi party divided humans into categories based on ethnicity and appearance-aryan race- supreme form of human or master race were people with: German heritage-Northern European heritage inferior groups- groups labeled as genetically inferior included-jews-slavic people-people w disabilities economic anti-Semitic legislation-in 1933 and 1934 anti-semitism became official govt policy-gov't- led boycotts of jewish businesses-passed laws that excluded jews from civil service-prohibited employment of jews in professions education anti semitic legislation-laws created placed restrictions on education by-limiting the number of jewish students at schools and universities-denying jews admission to medical schoolthe nuremberg laws-in 1935 German govt passed laws that reflect anti semitic ideas-race categorization -jewish people: officially categorized based on ethnicity and ancestry loss of rights-jewish people-were disenfranchised -lost their German citizenship-prohibited from intermarrying with "aryan" germans continued jewish segregration-jewish men and women required to identify themselves in ways that promoted segregration-jews with non-jewish names had to add Israel and Sara to their names-all jews were forced to carry identification cards that indicated their jewish heritage-all jewish passports marked with letter Jestablishment of concentration camps-nazis set up their first concentration camps in 1933 to house "enemies of state"-treatment was brutal and conditons were inhumane-people who couldn't work didn't receive food-many people died from starvation increased emigration-during 1930's many jews fled germany in response to-boycotts and persecution-anti-semitic laws-increasing threats of violence Albert einstein-emigrated from germany to the US in 1933 to escape anti-semitism-talented scientist -developed influential theories in physics and mathematics -helped convince US govt to develop atomic bombthe refugee crisis-during the 1930s many countries began to refuse refugees bc-immigration quotas were met quickly-countries reluctant to support jewish refugees for racial and economic reasons reasons for US hesitation-many Americans hesitant to allow more refugees into US-growing views of nativism -increased anti-semitism in US-lack of resources needed to support additional people due to ongoing Great Depressionrefugee crisis-by late 1930s number of jewish refugees seeking entry to other countries grew quickly-germany had:-annexed austria in the anschluss-threatened to take more territory from neighbors the Evian confrence-world delegates met in france July 1938 address refugee problem-attendees wished find long-term solution-most countries unwilling to ease immigration restrictions or accept more refugees-conference was failure night of broken glass-kristallnacht a violent ant-jewish pogrom occured November 9 and 10 1938-nazi soldiers encouraged mobs to attack jewish communities-almost 100 jews killed-vandals destroyed 14,000 synagogues -mobs vandalized 7000 jewish businesses early concentration camps-during kristallnacht 30,000 jews were arrested and sent to jail or to concentration camps-were beaten and tortured by camp guards -majority were released after few weeks economic aftermath of kristallnacht-after kristallnacht nazi leaders met to discuss economic damage done by attack-germany's jews were-held financially repsonsible-ordered to repair damage-stopped from collecting on their property other groups targeted-by late 1930s other groups began to be targeted for persecution-homosexuals-roma-slavic groups-people with multiracial heritage-members of other religions including Jehovah's witnessesT4 program-nazis targeted people with mental and physical disabilities in top secret program-people were murdered in practice the naizs called euthansia-victims were killed in specially designed gas chambers-historians estimate 200,000 people were killed deportations and custody-after war began nazis began to take jewish people and other groups to custody-jews were deported from germany-some were sent to concentration campsghettos-nazis created more than 1,000 ghettos in occupied Poland and soviet union-jews forced to perform hard labor making war materials for nazis-eventually ghettos were emptied and all jews sent to concentration camps 1935- nuremberg laws were passed1938- kristallnachat took place1938- the Evian conference was held in france1940- Warsaw ghetto was established