Abiotic factorsSoil- can be controlled by growing plants in purchased topsoil and by fertilization. Effects vary, since different plants have different optimum soil conditions; provided minerals and other nutrients and affects soil water and oxygen.Biotic factors-Use of insecticides to control pestilent insects, allowing plants to grow unhindered.-Use of herbicides to remove weeds, which would otherwise steal nutrients from the desired plants.-Use of fences and hedges to protect plants from herbivores that would otherwise eat them.

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