Abiotic factorsRadiation-can be controlled by planting location, by use of a greenhouse, by various forms of soil cover, etc. Affects the rate of photosynthesisTemperature-strongly affected by radiation, so can be controlled by anything that affects that; can also be affected by growing plant indoors or by planting at different time of year. Affects all plant activities. Water-affected directly by irrigation and drainage and indirectly by time of planting. Affects all plant activities and is essential for life.Atmosphere-can be controlled for plants grown inside a suitable building; only indirect control for plants grown outdoors. Has various effects; e.g., carbon dioxide affects the rate of photosynthesis, and water vapor affects the rate of transpiration.Wind- can be controlled by growing plants indoors or be erecting or removing windbreaks. Affects temperature; also affects distribution of pollen.

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