- A Russian czarina (r. 1763-1796), she continued Peter theGreat's policy of modernization while ensuring the absolute authority of the monarch.- Continuing to expand the empire, she gained land from the Ottoman Empire and took control of Alaska.- The series of Russo-Turkish wars fought from the 17th through 20th centuries represented a sustained rivalry between the Russian and Ottoman Empires. - Gained access to a warm-water port, a goal never realized by Peter, and took control of Poland.- Known as an Enlightened despot, she built schools and hospitals and wastolerant of the different religions found throughout her empire, yet remained an autocratic ruler.

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