- A ruler of the Mughal Empire (r. 1556-1605), he clearly establishedthe absolute authority of the emperor and enacted a policy oftolerance toward the many religions in his empire.- Eliminated the jizya, a tax imposed on Hindus, and allowed Hindus to rise to positions of power in his government.- Modernized the army and encouraged long-distance trade.- Generous patron of the arts.- Mughal architecture represented the blending of Islamic, Persian, and Indian elements. Mughal rulers regularly commissioned the building of mausoleums, mosques, forts, and gardens.

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