A kindergarten teacher wants to implement a focused-rereading protocol during read-alouds to introduce students to various strategies for understanding a complex text. The teacher completes a first reading of the text Memoirs of a Goldfish by Devin Scillian. During this reading, the teacher focuses on students' general understanding of the story. The story, which is written as a progressive diary, relates the plight and reactions of a goldfish as its fishbowl becomes increasingly crowded with various objects and creatures.After the third reading of the text, the teacher has students discuss whether the goldfish was happier when it was once again alone in a fishbowl or when it rejoined the other creatures in a large fish tank. The students must work with a partner to locate support from the text and illustrations for their claim. Conducting this type of collaborative conversation as part of a focused-rereading protocol benefits students' understanding of a complex text primarily by:

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