1. prevention: rest, stretch, hydrate, wear appropriate footwear 2. cramps: stretch, massage, hydrate3. RICE: rest, ice, compression, elevation4. heat: alternative if pain is noninflammatory and feels like stiffness in acute low back pain, osteoarthritis -15-20 minutes a day 3-4 times a day - do not apply to inflamed areas or thin skin, broken skin5. acute low back pain: heat, massage, acupuncture, spinal manipulation6. chronic low back pain: exercise, rehab, acupuncture, psychological factors, tai chi, yoga, spinal manipulation

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