1. Great Wall - begun in 221 BCE • continued into the Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644 CE) 2. Built to keep out the nomadic Mongols from the hilly north from the agricultural lands of China. 3. it's several sections of wall, not one long wall. 4. Started as rammed earth wall under Qin dynasty, under Ming dynasty brick and stone. 5. Wall varies from 19 feet high to 40 feet high with an average width at the top 16 feet. 6. North facing wall is capped with battlements; watch towers at regular intervals; fires lit to warn of advancing enemy.

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