Pulmonology Questions

A 45-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. Which of the following is most likely to cause this condition?A. Chronic asthmaB. Air pollutionC. Cigarette smokeD. Recurrent pneumonia

Cystic fibrosis is an:A. autosomal recessive disease.B. autosomal dominant disease.C. X-linked recessive disease.D. X-linked dominant disease.

A 10-year-old male is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxaemia. The most likely diagnosis is:A. exercise-induced asthma.B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.C. status asthmaticus.D. bronchiectasis.

A young patient is admitted to the paediatric unit with cystic fibrosis exacerbation. The main cause of respiratory difficulties in individuals with cystic fibrosis is:A. airway rigidity.B. pulmonary oedema.C. recurrent pneumonia.D. asthma-like bronchospasm.

A 1-year-old child with cystic fibrosis would demonstrate elevated levels of which of these compounds in both sweat and salivary gland secretions?A. PotassiumB. SodiumC. MagnesiumD. Carbonic acid

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup. The most likely cause of thisdisease is:A. bacterial infection.B. acute hyperventilation.C. allergy.D. viral infection.

A 7-month-old male presents with failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools. Sweat testing reveals increased chloride. Which of the following would also accompany this disease?A. Autoantibodies that target the lungs and pancreasB. A thick mucousC. Enzymes that degrade surfactant in the alveoliD. A toxic amount of electrolytes from secretory glands

A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnoea, rapid, shallow breathing, inspiratory crackles, decreased lung compliance and hypoxaemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar-capillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?A. Acute respiratory distress syndromeB. SarcoidosisC. Postoperative respiratory failureD. Malignant respiratory failure

A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnoea, and decreased lung volume. He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. His illness is probably caused by:A. inhalation of silica, asbestos, mica.B. autoimmune disease.C. allergic reactions.D. flail chest.

In asthma, _____ is (are) reduced.A. lung volumesB. expiratory flow ratesC. air trappingD. dead space

A 45-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern in this patient?A. Left heart failureB. Pulmonary embolusC. ImmunosuppressionD. Recurrent pulmonary infections

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should she recognize as part of an asthmatic attack?A. HeadacheB. Chest painC. WheezingD. Bradycardia

Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?A. Impaired alveolar compliance causing decreased surfactant productionB. A massive inflammatory response causing alveolar-capillary membrane injuryC. Hyaline membrane formation and fibrosis causing pulmonary oedemaD. Increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability causing metabolic acidosis

Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:A. type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant.B. alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary oedema.C. mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway oedema.D. collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi

A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. She is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease.A. restrictiveB. obstructiveC. atelecticD. pleuritic

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup. Which of the following symptoms is most likely present?A. Haemoptysis and mucous productionB. High fever and dry coughC. Respiratory stridor and barking coughD. Drooling and snoring

A 10-year-old male was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea. Whichof the following treatments would most likely be tried first?A. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomyB. Weight lossC. Continuous positive airway pressureD. Drug therapy

Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema most often present with:A. a productive cough.B. cyanosis.C. dyspnoea.D. cor pulmonale.

Asthma is thought to be caused by:A. an autosomal recessive trait.B. autoimmunity.C. excessive use of antibiotics as a young child.D. interactions between genetic and environmental factors.

44y/o woman, clubbing, weight loss, malaise, productive cough, recent time in Thailand. Sputum culture negative after 5 days