Pathology Questions

p53 is a protein with a ___________ half life present, in the normal situation, in very _________ concentrations in cells.

grading of cancer - degree of _______________

____________ corrects mismatched bases

__________ are central to adhesion, establish cell ______ and cell-cell ______________

staging of cancer - invasion and metastasis - guides ____________

p53 is a protector against ___________ oncogenes

MMR corrects ___________/___________ loops that most commonly occur where short sequences are repeated

what type of mutations occur in Lynch syndrome or Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)

squamous cell carcinomas the gene for the EGF-R can be amplified to many 100's of copies the cell is much more sensitive to ____________

in _________ of mismatch repair, mutation rate increases 100-1000x

TSGs are said to be "____________" in mechanism to wild type

in carcinomas cadherins, b catenin, APC are ________ or ___________

DNA strand break repair - what genes are involved in d/s break repair?

aneuploidy often involves ____________________ (deletion)

as angiogenesis of the tumour increases, what happens to it's size?

chromosomal rearrangements in solid tumours, particularly carcinomas, are extensive, but __________ characteristic of a specific cancer type

Transition from a growth regulated cell to a malignant cancer cell requires

When DNA is damaged, p53 is stabilised and its concentration _____

what controls the G1/S checkpoint?

Final cancer diagnosis almost always involves tissue diagnosis by