Organic Chemistry Questions

release of the ring strain of an epoxide makes the opening of an epoxide more...

how many steps do base-catalyzed epoxide ring opening have?

what are common nucleophiles that open the epoxide ring

the pKa of phenols is considerably lower (more acidic) than what?

what with H2O and ROH in the presence of acid open an epoxide ring

what type of organometallic reagents attack epoxide rings to form alcohols?

ether cleavage with HBr step 1 of the reaction what is it?

ether cleavage with HBr step 2 what is it?

an alkoxide salt is needed to make an ether and can be prepared by from alcohols by what?

Complexation by crown ethers often allows polar inorganic salts to dissolve

ethers can be cleaved by heating with what?

what alkali metals are used directly as bases to form alkoxide anions

cyclic acetal, the reaction is reversible, used in synthesis to protect carbonyls from unwanted reaction

an oxygen atom, derived from a peroxyacid, is inserted between a carbonyl group and neighboring group

We can use an acetal to selectively protect an aldehyde/ketone from reacting in the presence of other electrophiles

nitrogen nucleophile strong (N less electronegative), attacks the carbonyl carbon without activation

under acidic conditions with weak nucleophile, ketone protonated, peroxyacid attacks ketone oxygen, charged tetrahedral intermediate is deprotonated by A-, rearrangement of R group, proton transfer

around 4.5, too acidic and the amine will all be protonated (non-nucleophilic), too basic and the carbinolamine won't be protonated

carbonnyl group + H2N--Z gives the carbon double bonded to the N-Z and water

unstabilized (no resonance) reactants produces cis (Z) product favored (kinetic), stabilized forms trans, E product favored (thermodynamic)