Ophthalmology Questions

What is the name of the grading system to determine grade of angle structures

Ocular HTN is __________________ without VF loss and optic disk cupping; only a small percentage with develop glaucoma

What are the signs of tractional retinal detachment on ophthalmoscopy?

2. A patient is found by his optician to have an arcuate visual field defect, an enlarged optic cup and raised intraocular pressure.

True or false: Aqueous is produced by the ciliary processes. The fluid circulates through the pupil and is drained by the trabecular meshwork.

Iridocorneal dysgenesis Axenfeld anomaly

True or False: The major classification of glaucoma depends on the anatomy of the irido-corneal angle.

A 35-year-male was hit in his left eye by a squash ball whilst playing. A few hours later he noticed floaters in his eye together with flashing lights in this eye. In particular there were black spots in his peripheral field. He then noticed a shutter-like closing sensation from his upper left temporal quadrant.

71y/o male. Gradual deterioration in vision. Buildings do not look straight. Fundoscopy = pigment, exudate and bleeding at macula

40y/o man. Medical insurance check up. Fundoscopy = Pale disc with cupping and nasalisation of the vessels

A 60-year-old male with a history of smoking and diabetes presents with sudden onset of painless loss of vision in his right eye. Ophthalmoscopy reveals a pale and oedematous retina with a cherry red spot at the fovea.

A hypertensive middle aged male presents with a subacute history of visual disturbances in his right eye. Ophthalmoscopy reveals that his fundus appears to be 'splashed with blood'.

Causes of diplopia76-year-old man was complaining of double vision over the past four weeks. He was also slightly unsteady on his feet. He was on warfarin for AF, and had a fall about a month ago. On examination he was unable to abduct the right eye and had diplopia on lateral gaze.

68y/o male, HTN, smoker. Sudden painless loss of vision in 1 eye. Fundoscopy = pale retina, cherry red spot at macula

A female of 25 presents with sudden onset of pain and reduced visual acuity in the left eye. When she covers the right eye everything is in black and white. When a swinging light test is carried out the left pupil remains dilated when the light is shone directly into the eye and the right dilates as well. When the light is then shone in the right eye both pupils constrict (left relative afferent pupillary defect).

Causes of diplopia45-year-old man with diabetes was complaining of pain in the left eye and double vision gradually worsening over a week. On examination, his left eye was bulging out of the orbit. He had ptosis, prominent scleral vessels and ophthalmoplegia

Causes of diplopia60-year-old man was complaining of double vision and difficulty in walking over the last three days. On examination he had weakness (power 4/5), absent deep tendon reflexes and bilateral ophthalmoplegia

An 18-year-old girl complains of acute visual disturbances in the form of zig-zag lines and multicoloured lights in both her eyes. She also has a splitting unilateral headache that seems to improve after vomiting. She reports that she has not had any food and the previous night she has been drinking several glasses of red wine

Causes of diplopia35-year-old lady was complaining of double vision over the last few weeks. It is on and off and she has particularly noted that it is worse in the evening. During that time she also feels weak in her limbs and goes to bed. She feels well the following morning. Clinical examination was normal.

Causes of diplopia65-year-old man with diabetes suddenly developed pain in his right eye and double vision. On examination he had ptosis on the right eye which was pointing down and out.