"Upon these considerations, it is the opinionof the court that the act of Congress whichprohibited a citizen from holding and owningproperty of this kind in the territory of theUnited States north of the line thereinmentioned, is not warranted by the Constitution,and is therefore void; and that neither theplaintiff himself, nor any of his family, weremade free by being carried into this territory;even if they had been carried there by the owner,with the intention of becoming a permanentresident."The congressional act referred to in the passageabove was the

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