"Shortly after this, my mother's widowed sister, . . . who kept a factory boarding house inLowell [Massachusetts], advised her to come to that city. . . ."My mother, feeling obliged to have help in her work besides what I could give, and alsoneeding the money which I could earn, allowed me . . . to go to work in the mill. . . ."The working hours of all the girls extended from five o'clock in the morning until sevenin the evening, with one half hour for breakfast and dinner. . . ."I cannot tell you how it happened that some of us knew about the English factorychildren, who as it was said, were treated so badly. . . ."In contrast to this sad picture, we thought of ourselves as well off . . . enjoying ourselves inour own good way, with our good mothers and our warm suppers awaiting us."Harriet Hanson Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among Early Mill Girls,describing events in the 1830s, published in 189852. Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments described inthe excerpt?(A) The concept of republican motherhood after the American Revolution(B) Large-scale immigration from southern and eastern Europe(C) The expansion and increased organization of industrial production(D) The wartime need for women to fill jobs previously held by men

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