During the time of President Jackson's removal of the Southern Indian tribes, the Cherokee resisted relocation and declared that they were a sovereign nation that could not be removed without their consent. An infuriated Georgia legislature responded by making state laws that stripped the Cherokees of their land rights. In this U.S. Supreme Court case (concerning a Georgia law that prohibited whites from visiting Indian lands without a license from the state), Chief Justice John Marshall and the court rebuked Georgia for its actions and declared the Cherokee a separate, sovereign nation with a legitimate right to its national territory.

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