a campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all COmmunist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power In 1937, Stalin turned against members of the Communist PartyThousand of old Bolsheviks who helped stage the Revolution in 1917 stood trial They were executed or sent to labor camps for crimes against the Soviet state When the Great purge ended in 1938, Stalin had gained total control of the Soviet government and the Communist Party Historians estimate that during this time he was responsible for 8 million to 13 million deaths

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