Criminology Questions

When a criminal trial is conducted without a jury (judge alone), it is called a _____ trial.a. closedb. benchc. jury lessd. independent

Jurisdiction refers to the authority of the court to hear a case based on the nature of the case. Which of the following is not one of the factors that a jurisdictional decision is based upon?a. The seniority of the judgeb. The subject matter of the casec. The location of the crimed. Whether the case is being addressed in a criminal trial or it is being reviewed on appeal

Preventive detention is:a. prohibited by the 8th Amendmentb. the practice of holding dangerous suspects before trial without bailc. imposed in all felony casesd. None of the above

......is the term used to describe the use of computer software to identify geographic "hot spots" where a majority of predatory crimes are concentrated.

An order from a superior court calling up for review the record of a case from a lower court is called a writ of......

The Federal Judicial System includes:a. U.S. Circuit Courts of Appealb. U.S. District Courtsc. U.S. Supreme Courtd. All of the above

True or False. Police officers of color must deal with the challenge of double marginality, being viewed with suspicion by their fellow officers and other people of color.

Which of the following is not one of the four major exceptions to the requirement that police officers obtain a warrant before conducting a search?a. a search incident to an arrestb. the trunk of a car when an officer arrests someone suspected of driving while intoxicatedc. exigent circumstances searchesd. the area under the immediate control of a suspect (the grabbable area)

Watchman Style, Legalistic Style, Service Stylea. emphasizes preserving the social order in an effort to keep citizenshappy.b. employs alternative strategies including official warnings ordiversion programs.c. emphasizes making arrests and allowing the courts to resolveincidents.

Physical force may only be used as a last resort. Which of the following is not a legitimate use of physical force?a. a police officer shoots a suspect aiming a pistol at another police officerb. a correctional officer or mental hospital attendant uses force to subdue a person in their chargec. you use force in self-defense while fighting off an attempted robberd. a police officer uses physical force to arrest a compliant suspect

Zero tolerance policing is a form of policing where every infraction of the law must be met with an arrest, fine or other legal punishment. What is the most fundamental issue with zero tolerance policing?a. it was applied by incorporating the broken windows perspective in New York City in the early 1990sb. it has been uniformly praised across the United Statesc. it impacts all citizens equally - rich and poor and people of all racesd. it seems to create an adversarial relationship between the people and policee. None of the above

Which of the following is suspicion based on facts or circumstances that justifies stopping and sometimes searching an individual thought to be involved in illegal activity?a. reasonable suspicionb. reasonable stop standardc. beyond a reasonable doubt suspiciond. racial profiling

True or False. A detective must provide known facts demonstrating proof beyond a reasonable doubt that a law has been broken to obtain a judge's approval for a search warrant.

True or False. Local police answer to the State police, who answer to Federal police.

Which of the following is not a source of law in the United States?a. U.S. Constitutionb. Court decisionsc. the legislatured.the Police

Officer Scott has been reassigned to a vice squad. Name one type of crime that the vice squad focuses on.

According to the _____________ theory, vandalism and criminal activity occur when urban areas show physical signs of degradation.

True or False. Racial profiling occurs when suspicion of illegal activity is based on a person's race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than actual illegal activity or evidence of illegal activity.

Which of the following is not one of the three primary goals of the police patrol function:a. to deter crimeb. to investigate crimec. to enhance feelings of public safetyd. to make officers available for service

True or False. The U.S. Supreme Court is the "court of last resort," the highest court in the United States.